“可数名词与不可数名词” (Countable and Uncountable Nouns)
🔒 登录后可标记已读- 「How much money」还是「How many money」?可数名词和不可数名词该配哪个量词,一直是马来西亚华人常踩的坑。
- 可数名词有单复数(an apple / two apples),不可数名词没有复数、不能加 a/an(water、rice、information、advice、money 都是常见的坑)。
- 量词跟着可数/不可数走:可数用 a/some/any/how many,不可数用 some/any/how much;否定句才分 many(可数)和 much(不可数),肯定句一般直接用 a lot of。
- some 不只用在肯定句——提供东西或预期对方会答应时,疑问句也用 some,比如 Do you want some coffee?
重点内容
可数名词 vs 不可数名词
- 可数名词:可以数,有单复数形式。 an apple / two apples
- 不可数名词:不能数,没有复数,不能用 a/an。 water / rice / information
常见不可数名词(要背): bread, rice, coffee, information, money, advice, luggage, furniture
可数名词的量词用法
| 句型 | 用法 |
|---|---|
| a/an | 单数肯定句 |
| some | 复数肯定句 |
| a/an 或 any | 单/复数否定句 |
| a/an、any、how many | 疑问句 |
- There's a man at the door.
- I have some friends in New York.
- I don't have a dog. / There aren't any seats.
- How many chairs are there?
不可数名词的量词用法
| 句型 | 用法 |
|---|---|
| some | 肯定句 |
| any | 否定句 |
| any 或 how much | 疑问句 |
- There's some milk in the fridge.
- There isn't any coffee.
- How much orange juice is there?
some 在疑问句里的特殊用法
当「提供某样东西」或「预期答案是 yes」时,疑问句也用 some(不用 any)。
- Do you want some chocolate? 你要不要巧克力?(在提供)
- Can we have some more chairs, please? (在请求)
- Have you got some new glasses? 你是不是换眼镜了?(预期答案:是的)
a lot of / lots of — 可数和不可数都能用
- There are lots of apples on the trees.
- There is a lot of snow on the road.
many vs much:主要用于否定句
- 肯定句里一般不用 many/much,改用 a lot of。
- 否定句里:not many + 可数名词;not much + 不可数名词
❌ They have many money. ✅ They have a lot of money.
✅ There aren't many potatoes.(可数) ✅ There isn't much water.(不可数)
例句练习
- Can I have some water, please?
我可以要一些水吗?(不可数,用 some)
- How many students are in your class?
你们班有多少个学生?(可数,用 how many)
- I don't have much time. Let's be quick.
我没多少时间,我们快点。(不可数,否定用 not much)
- There aren't any seats left. The hall is full.
没有座位了,礼堂满了。(可数复数否定,用 any)
- Do you want some coffee? I just made a pot.
你要不要咖啡?我刚煮了一壶。(提供,用 some)
常见错误
❌ I need an information. ✅ I need some information. (information 是不可数名词)
❌ How many money do you have? ✅ How much money do you have? (money 不可数)
❌ She gave me a good advice. ✅ She gave me some good advice. (advice 不可数)
❌ There are many furnitures in the room. ✅ There is a lot of furniture in the room. (furniture 不可数,无复数)
Sources
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