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“可数名词与不可数名词” (Countable and Uncountable Nouns)

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  • 「How much money」还是「How many money」?可数名词和不可数名词该配哪个量词,一直是马来西亚华人常踩的坑。
  • 可数名词有单复数(an apple / two apples),不可数名词没有复数、不能加 a/an(water、rice、information、advice、money 都是常见的坑)。
  • 量词跟着可数/不可数走:可数用 a/some/any/how many,不可数用 some/any/how much;否定句才分 many(可数)和 much(不可数),肯定句一般直接用 a lot of。
  • some 不只用在肯定句——提供东西或预期对方会答应时,疑问句也用 some,比如 Do you want some coffee?

重点内容


可数名词 vs 不可数名词

  • 可数名词:可以数,有单复数形式。 an apple / two apples
  • 不可数名词:不能数,没有复数,不能用 a/an。 water / rice / information

常见不可数名词(要背): bread, rice, coffee, information, money, advice, luggage, furniture


可数名词的量词用法

句型用法
a/an单数肯定句
some复数肯定句
a/an 或 any单/复数否定句
a/an、any、how many疑问句
  • There's a man at the door.
  • I have some friends in New York.
  • I don't have a dog. / There aren't any seats.
  • How many chairs are there?

不可数名词的量词用法

句型用法
some肯定句
any否定句
any 或 how much疑问句
  • There's some milk in the fridge.
  • There isn't any coffee.
  • How much orange juice is there?

some 在疑问句里的特殊用法

当「提供某样东西」或「预期答案是 yes」时,疑问句也用 some(不用 any)。

  • Do you want some chocolate? 你要不要巧克力?(在提供)
  • Can we have some more chairs, please? (在请求)
  • Have you got some new glasses? 你是不是换眼镜了?(预期答案:是的)

a lot of / lots of — 可数和不可数都能用

  • There are lots of apples on the trees.
  • There is a lot of snow on the road.

many vs much:主要用于否定句

  • 肯定句里一般不用 many/much,改用 a lot of。
  • 否定句里:not many + 可数名词;not much + 不可数名词

❌ They have many money. ✅ They have a lot of money.

✅ There aren't many potatoes.(可数) ✅ There isn't much water.(不可数)

例句练习

  1. Can I have some water, please?
    我可以要一些水吗?(不可数,用 some)
  1. How many students are in your class?
    你们班有多少个学生?(可数,用 how many)
  1. I don't have much time. Let's be quick.
    我没多少时间,我们快点。(不可数,否定用 not much)
  1. There aren't any seats left. The hall is full.
    没有座位了,礼堂满了。(可数复数否定,用 any)
  1. Do you want some coffee? I just made a pot.
    你要不要咖啡?我刚煮了一壶。(提供,用 some)

常见错误

❌ I need an information. ✅ I need some information. (information 是不可数名词)

How many money do you have? ✅ How much money do you have? (money 不可数)

❌ She gave me a good advice. ✅ She gave me some good advice. (advice 不可数)

❌ There are many furnitures in the room. ✅ There is a lot of furniture in the room. (furniture 不可数,无复数)

Sources

Blog / Website:

  1. Nouns: countable and uncountable – British Council LearnEnglish
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