“短语动词：可分离与不可分离” （Phrasal verbs）
🔒 登录后可标记已读- call off the meeting 和 call the meeting off 都对，但换成代词，只有 call it off 说得通——这就是可分离短语动词的规则。
- 可分离短语动词（bring up、fill in、pick up、turn down）：宾语是名词时位置随意，宾语是代词必须放中间。
- 不可分离短语动词（come across、turn into、get over、look into）：宾语永远放整个短语后面，代词也不例外。
- 双介词短语动词（come up with、get rid of、look forward to）：宾语固定放在两个小词之后。
- B2 系统区分三类短语动词的规则，短语动词本身 B1 就接触，但词序才是真正的难点。
重点内容
什么是短语动词？
动词 + 小词（particle，通常是副词或介词），组合后意思往往跟原来的动词不同。
- I called Jen. （
call= 打电话） - They've called off the meeting. （
call off= 取消）
可分离短语动词（Separable）
动词和小词可以放在一起，也可以被宾语分开。
✅ 两种都对：
- They've called the meeting off.
- They've called off the meeting.
⚠️ 但宾语是代词（it / them / him / her 等）时，必须放在中间：
- The meeting? They've called it off. ✅
- ~~They've called off it.~~ ❌
常见可分离短语动词：
| 短语动词 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| bring up | 提起某个话题 | I didn't want to bring the situation up. |
| fill in | 填写表格/文件 | Please can you fill this form in? |
| pick up | 接人（开车） | I'll pick you up from the station. |
| turn down | 拒绝 | She turned the job down. |
不可分离短语动词（Non-separable）
动词和小词不能分开，宾语（包括代词）放在整个短语后面。
- Who looks after the baby? ✅
- Who looks after her? ✅
- ~~Who looks the baby after?~~ ❌
常见不可分离短语动词：
| 短语动词 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| come across | 偶然发现 | I came across your email when I was clearing my inbox. |
| turn into | 变成 | The caterpillar turned into a butterfly. |
| get over | 康复；从…恢复 | It took months to get over the operation. |
| look into | 调查 | We are looking into the problem. |
📌 不带宾语的短语动词本身也是不可分离的：I get up at 7 a.m.
双介词短语动词（Two particles）
两个小词的短语动词，宾语放在两个小词之后，代词也一样。
- Who came up with that idea?（不可以说 Who came it up with?）
- I'm really looking forward to it. ✅
常见双介词短语动词：
| 短语动词 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| come up with | 想出（主意/计划） | We need to come up with a solution. |
| get rid of | 丢掉；摆脱 | Let's get rid of these old magazines. |
| get on with | 与某人相处融洽 | I didn't get on with my stepbrother. |
| put up with | 忍受（令人烦恼的事） | I don't know how you put up with that noise. |
| look forward to | 期待（即将发生的事） | I'm really looking forward to the trip. |
例句练习
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| Can you fill in the form for me? / Can you fill it in? | 你可以帮我填这份表格吗？ |
| She turned down the offer. / She turned it down. | 她拒绝了这个提议。 |
| I came across an old photo while cleaning. | 我打扫时偶然发现了一张旧照片。 |
| We need to come up with a better plan. | 我们需要想出更好的计划。 |
| I can't put up with the noise anymore. | 我再也受不了这个噪音了。 |
常见错误
❌ She turned down it. （代词宾语不能放短语末尾） ✅ She turned it down. （可分离短语动词 + 代词：代词必须放中间）
❌ I came the answer across online. ✅ I came across the answer online. （不可分离短语动词：宾语只能放后面，不能插入中间）
❌ I'm looking forward to meet you. ✅ I'm looking forward to meeting you. （look forward to 的 to 是介词，后面接 -ing，不是原形动词）
Sources
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