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“情态动词表可能性” (Modals: Probability)

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  • must、can't、should、might/may/could 全部能翻成中文的「可能」,但确定程度天差地别,从「很确定」一路排到「一般可能性」逐一整理。
  • must 表示根据证据推理出的结论,can't 表示很确定不可能;be bound to 虽不是情态动词,但同样表达确定的预测。
  • ⚠️ should/shouldn't 隐含「一切顺利」的意思,不能用来预测负面结果;can 不能谈具体事件的可能性,这个意思要换成 may/might/could。
  • 学完能更精确地表达「我很确定」「应该会」「有可能」这几种不同把握程度。

重点内容


确定(Certainty):must

用 must 表示很确定某事是真的,或认为这是唯一合理的可能:

  • You must be tired. You've been travelling all day.
  • That must be Clare's house. I can see her car outside.

📌 must 表示这是推理得出的结论(看证据/逻辑推断),不是单纯陈述事实:

  • This must be her house.(根据证据推理)
  • This is her house.(单纯陈述事实)

be bound to(表确定的猜测/预测)

不是情态动词,但用法相关:

  • There are transport strikes tomorrow, so travel is bound to be more difficult.
  • They are by far the best team – they're bound to win.

确定:can't

表示很确定某事不可能:

  • That can't be right, can it?
  • It can't be easy for him, looking after three kids on his own.

不太确定:should/shouldn't

表示「预期会这样」,因为这是正常/合理的期待:

  • Rest and drink plenty of water. You should feel better in a day or two.

📌 should/shouldn't 隐含「如果一切顺利」的意思——⚠️ 不能用来预测负面/不想要的结果:

  • ❌ The treatment should be very painful. ❌ Our flight shouldn't arrive on time.

不太确定:might、may、could

表示认为现在/未来某事有可能,但不确定:

  • I might see you tomorrow if you're in the office.
  • There may be another issue that we don't know about.
  • This illness could be prevented.

三者意思相同,但 may 比 might/could 更正式

💡 情态动词后面加 well,可以让可能性听起来更高:

  • I'll try the pharmacy, but it might well be closed now.
  • She may well have to rethink her plan.

否定形式是 may not 和 might not(mightn't)——表示「可能不」;⚠️ couldn't 不一样,couldn't 表示「不可能」,比 may not/might not 语气强得多。


一般可能性:can

📌 can 不用来谈某个具体事件/情况的可能性

  • ❌ Azi can be in the garden.
  • ✅ 应改用 may/might/could:Azi may/might/could be in the garden.

can 用来表示「有时会发生」或「有能力发生」:

  • Noisy neighbours can be a problem if you're living in a flat.
  • It can be very cold here in winter.

📌 所有情态动词后面接不带 to 的不定式(原形动词)

例句练习

英文中文
She might well be on the train.她很可能在火车上。
That must be his dad.那一定是他爸爸。
That can't be right.那不可能是对的。
You're bound to make mistakes occasionally.你偶尔难免会犯错。

常见错误

❌ Azi can be in the garden.(想表达具体情况的可能性) ✅ Azi may/might/could be in the garden.

📌 can 不能用来谈论某个具体事件是否可能,这个意思要用 may/might/could。

❌ Our flight shouldn't arrive on time.(用 should 预测负面结果) ✅ 直接说 The flight might be delayed. 或改变说法,避免用 should/shouldn't 预测不想要的结果。

📌 should/shouldn't 只用在「一切顺利、合理预期」的正面语境,不适合预测负面结果。

Sources

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  1. Modals: probability
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