“分词从句” (Participle Clauses)
🔒 登录后可标记已读- 分词从句的主语必须和主句动词的主语一致,这条前提没顾好,就会写出「悬垂分词」这种常见错误。
- 现在分词从句语意主动(表结果/原因/同时动作),过去分词从句语意被动(类似 if 条件、表原因),完成分词从句表示动作发生在主句之前,三者分工清楚。
- 常接在 before/after/instead of/on/since/when/while/in spite of 等连接词或介词后面,尤其搭配 -ing。
- 主要用于书面语(文学、学术、新闻),学完能读懂、写出更凝练的英文长句,不用每次都写完整主谓子句。
重点内容
什么是分词从句
用现在分词(going、reading 等)、过去分词(gone、read 等)或完成分词(having gone、having read 等)构成的从句,能更精简地表达信息。
📌 前提条件:分词从句的主语必须和主句动词的主语相同:
- Waiting for Ellie, I made some tea.(= While I was waiting for Ellie, I made some tea.)
分词从句本身没有固定时态,时态由主句的动词决定。💡 分词从句主要用于书面语,尤其是文学、学术或新闻风格的写作。
现在分词从句(主动语意)
- 表结果:The bomb exploded, destroying the building.
- 表原因:Knowing she loved reading, Richard bought her a book.
- 表同时发生的动作:Standing in the queue, I realised I didn't have any money.
- 补充说明主句主语的信息:Starting in the new year, the new policy bans cars in the city centre.
过去分词从句(被动语意)
- 类似 if 条件句:Used in this way, participles can make your writing more concise.(= If you use participles in this way …)
- 表原因:Worried by the news, she called the hospital.
- 补充说明主句主语的信息:Filled with pride, he walked towards the stage.
完成分词从句
表示分词描述的动作在主句动作之前完成,可以是主动或被动语意:
- Having got dressed, he slowly went downstairs.(主动)
- Having finished their training, they will be fully qualified doctors.(主动)
- Having been made redundant, she started looking for a new job.(被动)
分词从句接在连接词/介词后面
常见于 before、after、instead of、on、since、when、while、in spite of 之后,尤其搭配 -ing 分词:
- Before cooking, you should wash your hands.
- Instead of complaining about it, they should try doing something positive.
- On arriving at the hotel, he went to get changed.
- In spite of having read the instructions twice, I still couldn't understand how to use it.
速查表
| 分词类型 | 语意 | 常见用法 |
|---|---|---|
| 现在分词(-ing) | 主动 | 表结果、表原因、表同时动作、补充信息 |
| 过去分词(-ed/pp) | 被动 | 类似 if 条件、表原因、补充信息 |
| 完成分词(having + pp) | 主动或被动,强调先后顺序 | 表示这个动作发生在主句动作之前 |
例句练习
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| Looked after carefully, these boots will last for many years. | 只要好好保养,这双靴子能穿很多年。 |
| Not wanting to hurt his feelings, I avoided the question. | 因为不想伤害他的感情,我避开了这个问题。 |
| Having lived through difficult times together, they were very close friends. | 因为一起经历过艰难时期,他们是非常亲密的朋友。 |
常见错误
❌ 分词从句的主语和主句主语不一致,却仍然使用分词从句(造成「悬垂分词」dangling participle) ✅ 使用分词从句前,先确认分词动作的执行者和主句主语是同一个人/物
📌 例如 Waiting for Ellie, I made some tea. 之所以成立,是因为「等待」和「泡茶」的都是「我」——如果换成别人在等,就不能用这个分词从句结构。
❌ 混淆过去分词从句该用主动还是被动语意 ✅ 过去分词从句通常表示被动(例如 Worried by the news 表示「被这个消息担心」),不是主动
📌 判断依据:过去分词本身的语意通常是被动的,而现在分词是主动的。
Sources
Blog / Website: