ENGLISH

“分词从句” (Participle Clauses)

首页 英语 语法 · C1
约 7 分钟· #C1
🔒 登录后可标记已读
  • 分词从句的主语必须和主句动词的主语一致,这条前提没顾好,就会写出「悬垂分词」这种常见错误。
  • 现在分词从句语意主动(表结果/原因/同时动作),过去分词从句语意被动(类似 if 条件、表原因),完成分词从句表示动作发生在主句之前,三者分工清楚。
  • 常接在 before/after/instead of/on/since/when/while/in spite of 等连接词或介词后面,尤其搭配 -ing。
  • 主要用于书面语(文学、学术、新闻),学完能读懂、写出更凝练的英文长句,不用每次都写完整主谓子句。

重点内容


什么是分词从句

用现在分词(going、reading 等)、过去分词(gone、read 等)或完成分词(having gone、having read 等)构成的从句,能更精简地表达信息。

📌 前提条件:分词从句的主语必须和主句动词的主语相同

  • Waiting for Ellie, I made some tea.(= While I was waiting for Ellie, I made some tea.)

分词从句本身没有固定时态,时态由主句的动词决定。💡 分词从句主要用于书面语,尤其是文学、学术或新闻风格的写作。


现在分词从句(主动语意)

  • 表结果:The bomb exploded, destroying the building.
  • 表原因Knowing she loved reading, Richard bought her a book.
  • 表同时发生的动作Standing in the queue, I realised I didn't have any money.
  • 补充说明主句主语的信息Starting in the new year, the new policy bans cars in the city centre.

过去分词从句(被动语意)

  • 类似 if 条件句Used in this way, participles can make your writing more concise.(= If you use participles in this way …)
  • 表原因Worried by the news, she called the hospital.
  • 补充说明主句主语的信息Filled with pride, he walked towards the stage.

完成分词从句

表示分词描述的动作在主句动作之前完成,可以是主动或被动语意:

  • Having got dressed, he slowly went downstairs.(主动)
  • Having finished their training, they will be fully qualified doctors.(主动)
  • Having been made redundant, she started looking for a new job.(被动)

分词从句接在连接词/介词后面

常见于 before、after、instead of、on、since、when、while、in spite of 之后,尤其搭配 -ing 分词:

  • Before cooking, you should wash your hands.
  • Instead of complaining about it, they should try doing something positive.
  • On arriving at the hotel, he went to get changed.
  • In spite of having read the instructions twice, I still couldn't understand how to use it.

速查表

分词类型语意常见用法
现在分词(-ing)主动表结果、表原因、表同时动作、补充信息
过去分词(-ed/pp)被动类似 if 条件、表原因、补充信息
完成分词(having + pp)主动或被动,强调先后顺序表示这个动作发生在主句动作之前

例句练习

英文中文
Looked after carefully, these boots will last for many years.只要好好保养,这双靴子能穿很多年。
Not wanting to hurt his feelings, I avoided the question.因为不想伤害他的感情,我避开了这个问题。
Having lived through difficult times together, they were very close friends.因为一起经历过艰难时期,他们是非常亲密的朋友。

常见错误

❌ 分词从句的主语和主句主语不一致,却仍然使用分词从句(造成「悬垂分词」dangling participle) ✅ 使用分词从句前,先确认分词动作的执行者和主句主语是同一个人/物

📌 例如 Waiting for Ellie, I made some tea. 之所以成立,是因为「等待」和「泡茶」的都是「我」——如果换成别人在等,就不能用这个分词从句结构。

❌ 混淆过去分词从句该用主动还是被动语意 ✅ 过去分词从句通常表示被动(例如 Worried by the news 表示「被这个消息担心」),不是主动

📌 判断依据:过去分词本身的语意通常是被动的,而现在分词是主动的。

Sources

Blog / Website:

  1. Participle clauses
📝 语法点共 6 题
📝 常见错误辨析共 2 题