“被动语态进阶复习” (Advanced Passives Review)
🔒 登录后可标记已读- 从转移句子焦点、情态动词被动式、口语用 get 代替 be,到新闻/学术写作常见的无人称被动句(impersonal passive),四种进阶被动用法一次覆盖。
- 无人称被动句有两种结构(It is believed that... / 主语 be believed to...),两种不能在同一句里混用。
- 第二种结构后面接的不定式要分清简单式、完成式、进行式,分别对应现在、过去、正在发生的动作。
- 学完能写出更正式、更客观的英文句子,读懂学术论文和新闻报道里绕来绕去的被动结构。
重点内容
为什么用被动语态
- 让句子从最重要/最合理的信息开始
- 不想提到「谁做的」(不知道、很明显、或不想说)
- 更正式或科学的写作场合
例句对比:
| 主动 | 被动 |
|---|---|
| Aliya Monier directed the film.(焦点在 Aliya Monier) | The film was directed by Aliya Monier.(焦点在 The film) |
基本结构:be + 过去分词
最常见的被动结构是 主语 + be + 过去分词:
- The new smoke alarm was installed yesterday.
- 动作的执行者叫 agent,大多数时候不提;如果要提,用 by:The new smoke alarm was installed yesterday by the company director herself.
情态动词 + 被动
结构:情态动词 + be + 过去分词
- A podcast can be made with minimal resources.
- The accident must be reported to the police.
- New laws should be created to regulate electric scooters.
用 get 代替 be(口语/非正式)
- My bicycle got stolen last night.(= My bicycle was stolen last night.)
无人称被动句(Impersonal Passive)
📌 用于 allege、believe、claim、consider、estimate、expect、know、report、say、think、understand 等「报告动词」,表达「不特定的一群人怎么说/怎么想」。
两种结构:
- It + be + 过去分词 + (that) + 主语 + 动词
- It is estimated that millions of people visit the site every year.
- It is believed that the walls date from the third century BCE.
- 某人/某物 + be + 过去分词 + 不定式
- Millions of people are estimated to visit the site every year.
- The walls are believed to date from the third century BCE.
💡 不定式可以是简单式(现在/未来)、完成式(过去动作)或进行式(正在进行的动作):
- Millions are estimated to visit the site this year.(简单不定式)
- The walls are believed to have been built in the third century BCE.(完成不定式,表过去)
- Mosquitoes are reported to be transmitting the disease.(进行不定式,表正在进行)
例句练习
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| Cleaner sources of energy must be developed. | 必须开发更干净的能源。 |
| An electrical fault is believed to have caused the power cut. | 据信是电路故障导致了这次停电。 |
| The new smoke alarm was installed yesterday by the company director herself. | 新的烟雾报警器是昨天由公司总监亲自安装的。 |
| It is reported that mosquitoes transmit the disease. | 据报道蚊子会传播这种疾病。 |
常见错误
❌ It is believed the walls date from the third century BCE.(少了 that,其实这个可省略,但要注意结构一致) ✅ It is believed that the walls date from the third century BCE.
📌 无人称被动句的两种结构不要混用——用「It + be + pp + that」就整句照这个结构写完,不要中途换成「主语 + be + pp + 不定式」的写法。
❌ Millions are estimated visit the site every year. ✅ Millions are estimated to visit the site every year.
📌 第二种无人称被动结构后面一定要接不定式(to + 动词),不能直接接原形动词。
Sources
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