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“被动语态进阶复习” (Advanced Passives Review)

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  • 从转移句子焦点、情态动词被动式、口语用 get 代替 be,到新闻/学术写作常见的无人称被动句(impersonal passive),四种进阶被动用法一次覆盖。
  • 无人称被动句有两种结构(It is believed that... / 主语 be believed to...),两种不能在同一句里混用。
  • 第二种结构后面接的不定式要分清简单式、完成式、进行式,分别对应现在、过去、正在发生的动作。
  • 学完能写出更正式、更客观的英文句子,读懂学术论文和新闻报道里绕来绕去的被动结构。

重点内容


为什么用被动语态

  • 让句子从最重要/最合理的信息开始
  • 不想提到「谁做的」(不知道、很明显、或不想说)
  • 更正式或科学的写作场合

例句对比:

主动被动
Aliya Monier directed the film.(焦点在 Aliya Monier)The film was directed by Aliya Monier.(焦点在 The film)

基本结构:be + 过去分词

最常见的被动结构是 主语 + be + 过去分词

  • The new smoke alarm was installed yesterday.
  • 动作的执行者叫 agent,大多数时候不提;如果要提,用 by:The new smoke alarm was installed yesterday by the company director herself.

情态动词 + 被动

结构:情态动词 + be + 过去分词

  • A podcast can be made with minimal resources.
  • The accident must be reported to the police.
  • New laws should be created to regulate electric scooters.

用 get 代替 be(口语/非正式)

  • My bicycle got stolen last night.(= My bicycle was stolen last night.)

无人称被动句(Impersonal Passive)

📌 用于 allege、believe、claim、consider、estimate、expect、know、report、say、think、understand 等「报告动词」,表达「不特定的一群人怎么说/怎么想」。

两种结构:

  1. It + be + 过去分词 + (that) + 主语 + 动词
    • It is estimated that millions of people visit the site every year.
    • It is believed that the walls date from the third century BCE.
  2. 某人/某物 + be + 过去分词 + 不定式
    • Millions of people are estimated to visit the site every year.
    • The walls are believed to date from the third century BCE.

💡 不定式可以是简单式(现在/未来)、完成式(过去动作)或进行式(正在进行的动作):

  • Millions are estimated to visit the site this year.(简单不定式)
  • The walls are believed to have been built in the third century BCE.(完成不定式,表过去)
  • Mosquitoes are reported to be transmitting the disease.(进行不定式,表正在进行)

例句练习

英文中文
Cleaner sources of energy must be developed.必须开发更干净的能源。
An electrical fault is believed to have caused the power cut.据信是电路故障导致了这次停电。
The new smoke alarm was installed yesterday by the company director herself.新的烟雾报警器是昨天由公司总监亲自安装的。
It is reported that mosquitoes transmit the disease.据报道蚊子会传播这种疾病。

常见错误

❌ It is believed the walls date from the third century BCE.(少了 that,其实这个可省略,但要注意结构一致) ✅ It is believed that the walls date from the third century BCE.

📌 无人称被动句的两种结构不要混用——用「It + be + pp + that」就整句照这个结构写完,不要中途换成「主语 + be + pp + 不定式」的写法。

❌ Millions are estimated visit the site every year. ✅ Millions are estimated to visit the site every year.

📌 第二种无人称被动结构后面一定要接不定式(to + 动词),不能直接接原形动词。

Sources

Blog / Website:

  1. Advanced passives review
📝 语法点共 6 题
📝 常见错误辨析共 2 题