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“短语动词的词序” (Word Order in Phrasal Verbs)

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  • 短语动词能不能拆开写,全看它属于可分离还是不可分离——这条界线划错,代词受词的位置就会跟着错。
  • 可分离及物短语动词有两种写法(She took the rubbish out. / She took out the rubbish.),但受词是代词时(it、me)只能拆开写,不能放在小品词后面。
  • 不可分离的短语动词分两类:不及物(没有受词可插入)、小品词本质是介词(永远不能拆开,即使受词是代词也一样)。
  • 学完能避免把「take out the rubbish」和代词受词的位置搞错,尤其是介词类短语动词的强制词序规则。

重点内容


短语动词的基本组成

短语动词由「动词 + 一个或两个小品词」组成:

  • My cat wakes me up every morning.
  • I can't put up with it any longer.

📌 小品词会改变动词的意思,有时改变很小,有时差很多:

  • I brought my children.(bring = 带到你所在的地方)
  • I brought my children up.(bring up = 教养/抚养)

在词序上,短语动词分成两大类:可分离(separable)不可分离(inseparable)


可分离的及物短语动词

及物短语动词(带直接受词)有两种写法,意思相同:

  1. 受词放在动词和小品词中间:She took the rubbish out.
  2. 动词和小品词保持在一起,受词放在后面:She took out the rubbish.

📌 例外:受词是代词时(如 me、you、it),只能用分开的形式,代词必须放在动词和小品词中间:

  • ✅ She took it out.
  • ❌ She took out it.

什么时候偏好分开、什么时候偏好合在一起:

  • 💡 口语里如果重读小品词,偏好用分开形式:Take that rubbish OUT!
  • 💡 如果受词很长(超过四五个字)或结构复杂,偏好把动词和小品词保持在一起:It's my job to sort out any kind of problem occurring in our company's computer systems.

不可分离的短语动词

有些短语动词完全不能拆开:

类型一:不及物(没有受词)——本来就没有受词可以插入:

  • My job isn't very well paid but it gives me enough to get by.
  • I grew up in London.

类型二:小品词是介词——如果小品词本质是介词,受词必须跟在介词后面,📌 这种情况永远不能分开,即使受词是代词也一样:

  • ✅ I came up with a great idea.
  • ❌ I came up a great idea with.
  • ✅ I came up with it just now.
  • ❌ I came up it with just now.

💡 不过直接受词有时会出现在句子更前面(例如关系子句里):

  • I want to tell you about a great idea that I came up with.
  • You're a great role model for your younger brother. He's lucky to have you to look up to.

速查表

类型能否拆开代词受词位置
可分离及物短语动词可以(两种写法皆可)必须放在动词和小品词中间
不可分离(不及物)不适用(没有受词)
不可分离(小品词是介词)不能拆开放在介词后面

例句练习

英文中文
Every morning I write down all the things I need to do.我每天早上都会把要做的事情写下来。
I came down with a fever but I've got over it now.我发烧了,但现在已经好了。
She brought two issues up at the meeting.她在会议上提出了两个问题。

常见错误

❌ She took out it.(代词受词放在小品词后面) ✅ She took it out.

📌 可分离短语动词的受词如果是代词,必须放在动词和小品词中间,不能放在后面。

❌ I came up a great idea with.(把介词类不可分离短语动词硬拆开) ✅ I came up with a great idea.

📌 小品词本质是介词的短语动词永远不能拆开,受词(包括代词)一律放在介词后面。

Sources

Blog / Website:

  1. Word order in phrasal verbs
📝 语法点共 6 题
📝 常见错误辨析共 2 题