“短语动词的词序” (Word Order in Phrasal Verbs)
🔒 登录后可标记已读- 短语动词能不能拆开写,全看它属于可分离还是不可分离——这条界线划错,代词受词的位置就会跟着错。
- 可分离及物短语动词有两种写法(She took the rubbish out. / She took out the rubbish.),但受词是代词时(it、me)只能拆开写,不能放在小品词后面。
- 不可分离的短语动词分两类:不及物(没有受词可插入)、小品词本质是介词(永远不能拆开,即使受词是代词也一样)。
- 学完能避免把「take out the rubbish」和代词受词的位置搞错,尤其是介词类短语动词的强制词序规则。
重点内容
短语动词的基本组成
短语动词由「动词 + 一个或两个小品词」组成:
- My cat wakes me up every morning.
- I can't put up with it any longer.
📌 小品词会改变动词的意思,有时改变很小,有时差很多:
- I brought my children.(bring = 带到你所在的地方)
- I brought my children up.(bring up = 教养/抚养)
在词序上,短语动词分成两大类:可分离(separable)和不可分离(inseparable)。
可分离的及物短语动词
及物短语动词(带直接受词)有两种写法,意思相同:
- 受词放在动词和小品词中间:She took the rubbish out.
- 动词和小品词保持在一起,受词放在后面:She took out the rubbish.
📌 例外:受词是代词时(如 me、you、it),只能用分开的形式,代词必须放在动词和小品词中间:
- ✅ She took it out.
- ❌ She took out it.
什么时候偏好分开、什么时候偏好合在一起:
- 💡 口语里如果重读小品词,偏好用分开形式:Take that rubbish OUT!
- 💡 如果受词很长(超过四五个字)或结构复杂,偏好把动词和小品词保持在一起:It's my job to sort out any kind of problem occurring in our company's computer systems.
不可分离的短语动词
有些短语动词完全不能拆开:
类型一:不及物(没有受词)——本来就没有受词可以插入:
- My job isn't very well paid but it gives me enough to get by.
- I grew up in London.
类型二:小品词是介词——如果小品词本质是介词,受词必须跟在介词后面,📌 这种情况永远不能分开,即使受词是代词也一样:
- ✅ I came up with a great idea.
- ❌ I came up a great idea with.
- ✅ I came up with it just now.
- ❌ I came up it with just now.
💡 不过直接受词有时会出现在句子更前面(例如关系子句里):
- I want to tell you about a great idea that I came up with.
- You're a great role model for your younger brother. He's lucky to have you to look up to.
速查表
| 类型 | 能否拆开 | 代词受词位置 |
|---|---|---|
| 可分离及物短语动词 | 可以(两种写法皆可) | 必须放在动词和小品词中间 |
| 不可分离(不及物) | 不适用(没有受词) | — |
| 不可分离(小品词是介词) | 不能拆开 | 放在介词后面 |
例句练习
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| Every morning I write down all the things I need to do. | 我每天早上都会把要做的事情写下来。 |
| I came down with a fever but I've got over it now. | 我发烧了,但现在已经好了。 |
| She brought two issues up at the meeting. | 她在会议上提出了两个问题。 |
常见错误
❌ She took out it.(代词受词放在小品词后面) ✅ She took it out.
📌 可分离短语动词的受词如果是代词,必须放在动词和小品词中间,不能放在后面。
❌ I came up a great idea with.(把介词类不可分离短语动词硬拆开) ✅ I came up with a great idea.
📌 小品词本质是介词的短语动词永远不能拆开,受词(包括代词)一律放在介词后面。
Sources
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