“将来时态:will、going to、现在进行时” (Future Forms)
🔒 登录后可标记已读- 同样在说将来的事,will、going to、现在进行时选错一个,语气就变了——差别全在这个计划是不是临时起意。
- will 说当下临时决定的事,之前完全没想过(没牛奶了,I'll buy some)。
- going to 说说话之前就已经想好的计划(早就打算好今晚穿哪件衣服)。
- 现在进行时说已经和别人确认好的具体安排,双方都知道时间地点。
- B1 最重要的语法点之一,日常口语和写作都必须用对,混用是常见扣分点。
重点内容
will → 当下决定的临时计划
用途:说话的当下临时决定的事情,之前没有想好的。
结构:will + 动词原形
- Oops, I forgot to phone Mum! I'll do it after dinner.(刚想到,临时决定)
- I can't decide what to wear tonight. I know! I'll wear my green shirt.(当下决定)
- There's no milk. I'll buy some when I go to the shops.(现在发现,马上决定)
📌 *will* 说的是当下作出的决定,不是之前已经打算好的。
going to → 提前想好的计划
用途:说之前已经想好/决定好的计划,说话之前就有这个打算了。
结构:am/is/are going to + 动词原形
- I'm going to phone Mum after dinner. I told her I'd call at 8 o'clock.(早就说好了)
- I'm going to wear my black dress tonight.(出门前就想好穿哪件了)
- I'm going to go to the supermarket after work. What do we need?(今天出门前就决定了)
📌 *going to* 说的是说话之前就已经有的计划,不是临时起意。
现在进行时 → 已确认的约定(arrangement)
用途:说已经和别人约好的具体安排,知道时间和地点,双方都确认了。
结构:am/is/are + -ing 形式
- I'm meeting Jane at 8 o'clock on Saturday.(已经约好了,双方都知道)
- We're having a party next Saturday. Would you like to come?(已经安排好的派对)
📌 也常用来问别人的计划:
- Are you doing anything interesting this weekend?(你周末有什么安排吗?)
三种将来时态对比
| 时态 | 结构 | 计划类型 |
|---|---|---|
| will | will + infinitive | 当下临时决定 |
| going to | am/is/are going to + infinitive | 提前想好的个人计划 |
| Present Continuous | am/is/are + -ing | 已和别人确认的约定(有时间地点) |
现实例子对比
场景 1:朋友问你今晚怎么过
- (刚被通知会议取消)Oh great! The meeting's been cancelled. I'll go to that yoga class instead.
→ *will*:当下才决定
- I've been planning to try that new café. I'm going to go there tonight.
→ *going to*:之前就计划好了
- I'm having dinner with Sarah at 7. We booked the restaurant yesterday.
→ 现在进行时:已经约好,双方都知道
例句练习
| 英文 | 中文 | 类型 |
|---|---|---|
| I'll get the door! | 我去开门! | will(临时决定) |
| I'm going to visit my relatives in Australia this year. | 我今年打算去探望在澳洲的亲戚。 | going to(提前计划) |
| We're having dinner at 7 tonight. | 我们今晚 7 点吃晚饭。 | 现在进行时(已约好) |
| There's no coffee. I'll buy some later. | 没有咖啡了,我等下去买。 | will(当下决定) |
| Are you doing anything this weekend? | 你这周末有什么安排? | 现在进行时(问约定) |
常见错误
❌ I will go to the gym tomorrow morning.(计划已经想好了) ✅ I'm going to go to the gym tomorrow morning.
📌 如果是提前想好的计划,用 *going to*,不用 *will*。(写作里尤其注意)
❌ I am meeting my friend tomorrow but I haven't told him yet. ✅ I'm going to meet my friend tomorrow.
📌 现在进行时用于已确认的安排(双方都知道);还没约定的用 *going to*。
❌ 总是用 will 说所有将来的事
💡 口语里可能不太严格,但写作和正式场合要区分:
- 临时决定 → will
- 提前计划 → going to
- 已约定 → present continuous
Sources
British Council – Learn English: